![]() ![]() ![]() TALKING AND PLAYING WITH MOVIES: AGES 3-8."Sexual parasitism in the deep-sea ceratioid anglerfish Centrophryne spinulosa". ^ Vieira, S Biscoito, M (December 2013)."Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction amongst deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes)". American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. "A Review of the Monotypic Deep-Sea Anglerfish Family Centrophrynidae: Taxonomy, Distribution and Osteology". Version 3 November 2005 (under construction). ^ a b Froese, Rainer Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2008).The only other deep-sea anglerfishes that have a hyoid barbel are the linophrynids, where it occurs only in the females and is often elaborate and/or bioluminescent. The function of the hyoid barbel in the horned lantern fish is unknown. A female horned lantern fish has been found with a parasitic male Melanocetus johnsonii attached, though the coupling was likely in error (possibly occurring while the two fish were in the net) and there was no fusion of tissues. Similar to other ceratioid anglerfish, the males of the horned lantern fish undergo sexual parasitism. Unlike other deep-sea anglerfish, female horned lantern fish have only a single ovary lined with villi-like epithelial projections rather than epithelial folds. The two known larvae measure 4.2 mm and 7.5 mm long and have short, stout bodies with moderately inflated skin. Their hyoid barbel distinguishes them from the males of all other deep-sea anglerfish. The known specimens are all immature, though already with large olfactory organs and well-developed denticular plates on the tip of the snout bearing 3-4 curved teeth each. The males are much smaller and dark brown in color, measuring up to 1.6 cm (0.63 in) long and lacking the illicium and esca. There is a small hyoid barbel, although it is vestigial in adult females. The esca has a fan-shaped appendage in front and another short appendage on the back the tip is white with scattered large melanophores. The illicium ("fishing rod") and esca (lure) are attached to the snout. The fish is reddish brown to black in color its skin is covered with numerous close-set spines. The eye itself lies beneath the skin and appears through a translucent patch. There is a large oval pit in front of each eye in specimens larger than 42 mm. The jaws are filled with slender, recurved, depressible teeth of mixed large and small sizes. The female horned lantern fish measures up to 23 cm (9.1 in) in length and is long and slender, with a large head and jaws of equal length. Specimens were caught at depths from 650 to over 2000 m (2130–6560 ft), while larvae have been recovered close to the surface to a depth of 35 m (115 ft). Specimens have also been captured in other locations, including New Guinea, the South China Sea, Venezuela, and the Mozambique Channel, suggesting a wide oceanic distribution in tropical and subtropical waters. The horned lantern fish occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Baja California south to the Marquesas Islands and the Gulf of California. It is the sole species in the family Centrophrynidae, distinguished from other deep-sea anglerfishes by various characters including four pectoral radials, an anterior spine on the subopercular bone, and a short hyoid (chin) barbel in both sexes. The horned lantern fish or prickly seadevil ( Centrophryne spinulosa) is a deep-sea anglerfish found worldwide. ![]()
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